Essay due on Macular Degeneration?

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Types of Macular Degeneration

Macular Degeneration is of two types: Age-related macular degeneration or Adult macular degeneration (AMD) and Juvenile macular degeneration. Age-related macular degeneration develops in older persons of 60 years of age or more due to the factors of aging. The afflicted persons observe that the sharpness and the central vision gets destroyed over time. They find it difficult to read, drive or carry out other activities that need sight acuity.

AMD affects the macula, the part of the eye that is directly in line behind the pupil. It is part of the retina that converts the light falling on it into electrical impulses and sends it to the brain. The macula is the dead centre of the retina. It is responsible for distinguishing the fine details and colours of the objects that are seen.

There is no perceptible pain in this condition. Sometimes the disease is slow and gradual. The sufferer may not notice the changes in vision until it becomes more advanced. This is because the brain cleverly tries to make up for the missing parts of the picture. But other people may be subjected to a faster type of the disease and find loss of vision in both eyes. Clinical diagnosis of macular degeneration makes use of tools such as Amsler’s Grid.

Symptoms of macular degeneration

In some people the problem is isolated to one eye, while others lose the vision of both their eyes. Symptoms  vary in different people and according to the severity of the disease. The most common symptoms include a blurring of vision and dimming of colours in the central part of the vision. There is also the distortion of straight lines and in the advanced cases a dark or empty area in the central vision.

There are two types of age-related macular degeneration: wet and dry. In the dry form of macular degeneration, the hardening of the blood vessels supplying blood to the retina causes the central point of the retina or the macula to bow upwards which leads to the distortion of the image. In the case of the wet form, leaking blood vessels cause the macular problems.

Treatment for macular degeneration

Treatments for macular degeneration include dietary supplements rich in antioxidants like Vitamins A, C and E and zinc, selenium, copper, lutein and zeaxanthine that could help to protect the damage of the retina by free radicals or unstable oxygen. Some patients find laser treatment and photodynamic therapy effective in some people, especially in the earlier stages of the disease. There is no actual cure found for the disease as yet.

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